Panoramic Anatomy
Maxillofacial anatomy on a panoramic radiograph is difficult. Variation in positioning acts to this complexity. Several structures are superimposed on this radiograph. In addition, the ghost images create another layer of complexity. Since panoramic radiography is a frequent imaging technique in the dental office, every dental student must exert sufficient efforts to understand the anatomy.
Landmark 1: Posterior wall of the right maxillary sinus
Landmark 2: Zygomatic process of the right maxilla
Landmark 3: Hyoid bone
Landmark 4: Anterior nasal spine
Landmark 5: Wall of the infraorbital canal
Landmark 6: Hard palate
Landmark 7: Image of the contralateral part of the hard palate