Panoramic Anatomy
Maxillofacial anatomy on a panoramic radiograph is difficult. Variation in positioning acts to this complexity. Several structures are superimposed on this radiograph. In addition, the ghost images create another layer of complexity. Since panoramic radiography is a frequent imaging technique in the dental office, every dental student must exert sufficient efforts to understand the anatomy.
Landmark 1: Right condyle of the temporomandibular joint
Landmark 2: Neck of the right condyle
Landmark 3: Inferior border of the contralateral mandible (ghost image)
Landmark 4: Inferior border of the right mandible
Landmark 5: Floor of the left orbit
Landmark 6: Angle of the left mandible
Landmark 7: Left external oblique ridge
Landmark 8: Floor of the left maxillary sinus